The word cancer seems to be a terrible and horrible word then. Moreover phrases pertaining to this word like, “spreading like a fatal, dangerous cancer” gives somebody a chill, for cancer really is deadly and most of its different forms have no treatments so as to speak.
But thanks to some breakthroughs and advancement in Science, instead of referring cancer as deadly it is now curable, while the disturbing word spreading can now be eradicated.
The formidable British tandem of Sir Richard Doll and Richard Peto reveals: “The various human cancers are diseases in which one of the many cells of which the human body is composed is altered in such a way that it inappropriately replicates itself again and again, producing millions of similarly affected self-replicating descendant cells, some of which may spread to other parts of the body and eventually overwhelm it.”
Present researches about cancer, doctors still doesn’t have a complete answer to the onslaught of cancer scourge. According Drs. John C. Bailar III and Elaine M. Smith who said in The New England Journal of Medicine: “From 1973 to 1981 the crude incidence rate for all neoplasms [cancers] combined rose by 13.0 percent. . . . There is no reason to think that, on the whole, cancer is becoming any less common.”
To a large extent, professional specializing in cancer ailments is troubled by a dilemma of providing a sufficient medication for malignant tumors and the necessity to sustain evasion by tracing the correct causes. The elusive quests for the causes leads to a confusing web of contradicting theories, does the cause could be in viruses, genes, immune responses, chemicals, environment, toxics in the body, in combinations of these, or how about in something else? Alas, by what course of action does a cell develop into malignant and migrate?
Professor Stephan Tanneberger, a cancer expert said, “It is now an established fact that this is a process involving several stages whereby a normal cell with a certain genetic make-up is transformed into a tumour cell under the influence of several factors. We know that viruses, radiation and chemical substances constitute such factors, but it is safe to say that only the interaction of several such factors produces a cancer cell in a multistage process.”
Does your lifestyle have a bearing in our life as far as the dreaded cancer ailment is concerned? Dr. Charles A. LeMaistre, president of the American Cancer Society, stated in Ebony Magazine that our daily living habits have a remarkable impact on the causes of cancer: “Most scientists now believe that our daily habits—what we eat and drink, whether we smoke and how often we expose ourselves to the sun determine to a great extent our risk of getting many cancers.”
This standpoint is back upped by the research conducted by the University of Oxford experts Doll and Peto as they stated: “Observations of the vagaries of human behavior may suggest ideas that might never occur to a laboratory investigator. Historically, they provided the starting point for a large part of all cancer research by pinpointing the risks associated with exposure to the combustion products of coal, sunlight, X-rays, asbestos, and many chemical agents. They drew attention to the hazards associated with chewing various mixtures of betel, tobacco, and lime and with smoking tobacco.”
Life-styles and environments vary from one country to another; there is a propensity for some countries to have more of some types of cancer and less of others. In England for instance, where the use tobacco has been rampant for decades, leads in lung cancer. Nigeria, which is not known to be a penchant fan of tobacco usage, as expected, have a much lower occurrence of that ailment at present. United States have the most in colon and bladder cancer cases; on the other hand Nigeria has the lowest levels.
One more case of how life-style can be lead to acquiring cancer is Kaposi’s sarcoma, which is usually rare cancer. Homosexuals suffers from this ailments for the past few years as one of the outcome of having AIDS, which wear off the patient’s immune system and makes him vulnerable to infections and sarcoma.
As stated in the Holistic Medicine by Dr. Kenneth R. Pelletier of the University of California School of Medicine a potential extra factor in causing cancer is pointed out by: “Numerous animal and human experimental studies have demonstrated that stress, psychological depression, and other psychosocial factors compromise an organism’s capacity to prevent the induction of disease such as cancer or limit its spread.”
Other doctors also support the veracity of this point of view that too much stress have an effect on the immune system and hence makes a person at risk with cancer and other diseases.
Here are some causes of cancer:
Tobacco usage has been has been connected to cancer. In a press released published by The New York Times: “The World Health Organization, citing a report that nearly one million deaths each year can be attributed to tobacco use, has issued a strong condemnation of smoking and tobacco use.” And futher added, “Smoking is responsible for 90 percent of all cases of lung cancer, 75 percent of all cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and 25 percent of ischemic heart disease as well as other types of cancer, pregnancy complications and respiratory diseases.”
Tobacco plays a vital role in cancer, Dr. Byron J. Bailey, University of Texas Medical Branch, considers that tobacco addiction should be given an alternative label tobaccoism, and its effect, the dreaded cancer. In his writings in JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) stated that: “We must realize that tobaccoism is the most deadly drug addiction in the United States today and that it is exacting a heavier toll in lives and dollars than cocaine, heroin, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, traffic accidents, murder, and terrorist attacks combined.”
The usage “smokeless tobacco,” snuff and chewing tobacco, are now widely prevalent with millions of people worldwide. The New England Journal of Medicine said that “in India, parts of Central Asia, and Southeast Asia, oral cancer is common than in the United States. In effect, it is the most common cancer in that region.” Moreover: “Smokeless tobacco taken orally, alone or together with such ingredients as areca nut and piper betel leaf and lime, has been shown to increase the risk of mouth cancer greatly.”
Drs. Doll and Peto affirm that when drinking alcohol and smoking interacts, their respective agent enhances each other’s effects. Alcohol being involved in the yielding cancer has been suspected for 60 years, since studies shows that cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus were usual than average in men who were engaged in trades that encouraged the intake of large quantity of alcohol.
This conclusion is established by the German cancer specialist Professor Tanneberger, who reported that: “Smoking and excessive drinking are a risk factor of the first order. . . . There’s no escaping the fact that a causal relationship exists between a person’s mode of life and the development of cancer.”
Sunrays which plays an important role in plant’s photosynthesis, gives excitement to those who go to beach to have picnics and give us the much needed Vitamin D which is essential to our body is actually a random and a silent killer. Too much sunbathing that could lead to severe sunburn in teens can promote melanoma, a dark pigmented cancer of the skin. According to The Causes of Cancer: “The conditions that maximize risk may be those that involve sudden exposure of untanned skin to sunlight.”
In the United States alone, 23,000 new cases and 5,600 deaths are expected this year. Generally affected are people with light complexions, blue eyes, blond or red hair, and freckles.
Extreme exposure to X rays in medical examinations may cause cancer. For example the “Rapid increase in incidence. . . is greater for thyroid cancer than for any other type of tumor and may in part be explained by the epidemic of non-fatal thyroid cancers induced by medical use of X-rays,” said The Causes of Cancer.
Hardly suspected foods that we consume may lead to cancer. Studies imply that particular foods and some nutrients contained in those foods may be associated with the growth of cancer. Moreover, high consumption of dietary fat is a risk factor for cancer according to studies.
“Scientists have found some relationship between a lack of certain vitamins—A and C—and cancer. For example, diets low in vitamin A have been linked to cancers of the prostate gland, cervix, skin, bladder and colon,” Quoted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
For instance aflatoxin which is “a product of the fungus Aspergillus flavus that commonly contaminates peanuts and other staple carbohydrate foods stored in hot and humid climates.” According to Drs. Doll and Peto, it “is a major factor in the production of liver cancer in certain tropical countries.”
There are less than 200 various types of cancer with many distinct or interrelated causes. The causes are still not known for sure in some cases. Chemicals used in food, as well as industrial pollutants, have been blamed as possible causes. In some cases, delay in having a first child, thus delaying natural lactation, also has some bearing on the incidence of breast cancer.
Definitions of Cancer Terminology
Tumor—an abnormal mass of tissue; any unhealthy swelling; also called a neoplasm, or new growth. It can be benign or malignant.
Benign—cells that do not invade or infiltrate other tissue. However, a benign tumor can cause dangerous pressure.
Malignant—cells that invade and infiltrate surrounding tissues and, unless arrested, eventually overwhelm the patient.
Cancer—a malignant tumor. Cancers are listed under two main groups: sarcomas and carcinomas.
Sarcomas—cancers of the structural and connective tissues, including bones, cartilage, fat, and muscle.
Carcinomas—cancers that affect the tissues that cover or line body organs such as the skin, intestines, lungs, and breasts.
Carcinogen—a cancer-causing substance.
Metastasis—transmission of a disease from its original source to additional sites in the body.
Lymph—a clear fluid circulating through the body. It contains white blood cells, antibodies, impurities, and nourishing substances.
Lymph glands—or nodes. These normally filter impurities from the body. The lymph system is vital in the body’s defense against infection.
(Based on Cancer and Vitamin C, by Drs. Ewan Cameron and Linus Pauling; The Facts About Cancer, by Dr. Charles F. McKhann.)
Some Established Cancer-Causing Agents in Humans
Cause Cancer site
Aflatoxin (on moldy peanuts) – Liver
Alcoholic drinks in excess—— Mouth, throat, esophagus, liver
Asbestos—————————- Lung, pleura, peritoneum
Chewing betel, tobacco, lime– Mouth
Furniture (hardwood)————- Nasal sinuses
Leather goods———————- Nasal sinuses
Over nutrition (causing obesity) — Endometrium, gallbladder
Late age for first pregnancy ——- Breast
Childless or very few children—— Ovary
Parasitic Infections:
Schistosoma haematobium, Africa—Bladder
Chlonorchis sinensis, China——– Liver
Sexual promiscuity——————– Cervix uteri; skin
Steroids ——————————— Liver
Tobacco ——————————– Mouth, throat, lung
Virus (hepatitis B) ——————– Liver